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http://www.webmedcentral.com/images/Header_Logo.giftext/html2010-09-09T20:59:54+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Shishir ShettyAn Association Between Serum Cortisol Levels In Erosive And Nonerosive Oral Lichen Planus Patients
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/560
Study objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a well recognized chronic mucocutaneous disorder which can manifest in the oral mucosa, whose exact pathogenic mechanisms have not been understood. Estimation of serum cortisol in patients with OLP may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis. Therefore a study was undertaken to analyze the serum cortisol levels in OLP patients. An attempt was also made to evaluate the anxiety and depression levels in these patients.
Design and key methods: A case control study was conducted on 15 cases each of non-erosive oral lichen planus (NEOLP) and erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) and 10 controls. The serum cortisol levels of all 40 patients were estimated by using electrochemoluminiscence. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score questionnaire was administered to evaluate the psychiatric status of all the patients.
Results: The mean serum cortisol level of the OLP group showed a very highly significant difference (p=0.001) from the controls. The mean anxiety and depression scores of the OLP group showed very highly significant difference (p=0.001) from the controls. The difference in mean cortisol level between NEOLP group and control was not significant (p=0.06), whereas the difference was very highly significant between the EOLP group and controls (p=0.001). The difference between the anxiety score between the NEOLP group and EOLP group, but the depression scores between the two groups were not very significant (p=0.085).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychiatric factors play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OLP and serum cortisol could be a possible indicator for the erosive nature of the lesion.text/html2013-12-31T05:03:48+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Rita ColaciMost common oral mucosal lesions in children: Prevalence and differential diagnosis
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4483
Childhood oral mucosal lesions (COML) are one of the rare topics that pediatricians, dentists, and dermatologists are interested in. Considering the high number of lesions which can be found in children oral mouth, it becomes really important to make a correct diagnosis in order to plan the right research and treatment. So far studies for the incidence and classification of COML have been rare and, above all, they didn't have a certain standard, with regard to age grouping and methods. As a consequence, these studies have shown a wide variability in the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in different regions of the world and have led researchers to draw disparate conclusions. This paper, reviewing the different epidemiological studies found in literature, wants to contribute data on the most common oral mucosal diseases in children in terms of prevalence and differential diagnosis.text/html2010-07-28T07:20:26+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. William J MaloneyThe Significance Of Illicit Drug Use To Dental Practice
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/455
Dentists encounter a wide array of individuals presenting for various professional dental services in their dental practices on a daily basis.Regardless of the geographic location of the dental practice or the socio-economic status of the patients, each dental office encounters individuals who are using various illegal drugs.These drugs cause a wide array of issues- physical, psychological, economic, and legal- for the user.In addition, the use of these drugs costs the world’s economy billions of dollars each year in an attempt to curb their use while also costing the lives of many brave law enforcement officers in this seemingly never-ending struggle.The dentist must be aware of this drug use in their individual patients in order to: 1) avoid possible contraindications during dental treatment; 2) be aware of the many oral and craniofacial manifestations of such drug use; 3) be able to provide necessary dental treatment to combat the dental/oral ravages of drug use and 4) be able to refer such patients, if so desired by the patient, to the proper professionals for counseling.This paper will examine the dental/oral manifestations of four commonly used drugs- methamphetamine, heroin, cocaine, and cannabis. It will make the dental practitioner aware of the many oral conditions which can be caused by the usage of certain illegal drugs. It will also review what precautions or changes to routine dental treatment might be necessary in such individuals.text/html2010-07-30T21:42:22+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Ajay MahajanPatient Satisfaction With Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft In The Treatment Of Multiple Gingival Recession Defects - A Clinical Study
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/458
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft in terms of patient satisfaction in the treatment of multiple gingival recession defects.Methods: Patients ( 2 females and 3 males ) with multiple gingival recession in relation to labial aspect of selected teeth were treated using Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft under a coronally positioned flap. Patient’s satisfaction was assessed using a three point rating scale. Results : After six months sites treated with Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft had mean defect coverage of 89.14%.Conclusion:Findings of the present study highlighted the fact that patient satisfaction should be recognized as important as other clinical health measures when evaluating perioplastic aesthetic procedures.
text/html2010-10-19T21:56:47+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Mostafa I MostafaManagement Of Periodontitis In Patients With Down Syndrome Using Low Energy Diode Laser
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/990
Background: Patients with Down syndrome develop extensive gingivitis at an earlier stage and exhibit rapid and generalized periodontal breakdown in early adulthood. This study aims at finding out the effect of low level laser therapy on the clinical and microbiological parameters in Down syndrome patients with periodontitis. Methods: Thirty five patients with Down’s syndrome suffering from periodontitis were included in the study and divided into two groups: Group I: Included 25 patients in which laser was applied to one half of the mouth and the other half was considered as a control. Group II: Included 10 patients as control group to evaluate the systemic effect of laser. Results: After 2 weeks of therapy there was significant improvement in both clinical and microbiological parameters in both sides of the mouth. After 6 weeks; these parameters were still significantly better in the right side where scaling and root planning were done plus low level laser therapy. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy accompanied with scaling and root planning is an effective periodontal treatment in patients with Down syndrome and its effect remains significant up to 6 weeks after therapy.text/html2011-03-10T21:54:32+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Shishir ShettyHereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia - A Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1711
Ectodermal dysplasia is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by faulty development of ectodermal structures. The tissues in which the primary defects occur are the skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands, and teeth. It usually affects the males and females are the carriers. The clinical features include sparse hair, abnormal or missing teeth, and inability to sweat due to lack of sweat glands.One such case report of ectodermal dysplasia is presented here.text/html2011-12-19T15:46:39+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Sreenivas NagarakantiOzone: A New Revolution in Dentistry
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2685
Ozone is a natural gaseous molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. The word ozone originates from the Greek word ozein, which means odor and was first used by German chemist Christian Friedrich Schonbein, father of ozone therapy (1799-1868) in 1840 when, working with a voltaic pile in the presence of oxygen, noticed the emergence of a gas with an “electric and pungent smell” that could be a sort of “super-active oxygen”.[1] Industrial ozone generators are used for industrial application and disinfection of water, after it was shown the potent and broad bactericidal activity of ozone. The first medical application seems to have been the use of ozone for treating gaseous, post-traumatic gangrene in German soldiers during the 1st world war.[2] However a big step forward was the invention of a reliable ozoniser for medical use by the physicist Joachim Hansler (1908-1981). The idea to use ozone in medicine developed slowly during the last century and it was stimulated by the lack of antibiotics and the disinfectant properties of ozone. Ozone, which is used for medical purposes, is a gas mixture comprised of 95 to 99.95% oxygen and 0.05 to 5% pure ozone. Due to proven therapeutic advantages of ozone, many fields in dentistry could benefit from ozone therapy. From the historical data, the first dentist who used ozone was Edward Fisch in 1950 when he healed Austrian surgeon Ernst Payr for a gangrenous pulpite and thereby inspired him to begin a line of investigations dedicated to ozone use in health care, reported his results at the 59th Congress of the German Surgical Society in Berlin (1935) and wrote: “which other disinfectant would be tolerated better than ozone? The positive results in 75% of patients, the simplicity, the hygienic conditions and innocuity of the method are some of the many advantages”.text/html2012-04-30T18:55:22+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Madu G PrasadUnderstanding of Oral Cancer Risk in Male Population of Guntur with Tobacco Habits?
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3313
India has one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world2. Tobacco is one of the most common hazardous substance for general health as well as oral health. The use of tobacco in any form increases the risk of oral cancer.To assess the knowledge regarding the harmful effects of betel quid, areca nut and tobacco among the general population of Guntur city and understanding regarding oral cancer risk. To assess the reasons for the consumption of betel quid, areca nut and tobacco. A descriptive cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among general population of Guntur city and 600 persons were assessed for the evaluation of habits of smoking and chewing tobacco. The study consists of sample of convenience. Standard questionnaire was developed which elicited details of samples and information about tobacco chewing practices.Prevalence of betel quid, areca nut and tobacco habits among general population of Guntur is high. 81.67% respondents consume tobacco either in smoke or smokeless form. 7.53% consume betel quid and 5% consume areca nut 6% consume tobacco, betel quid and areca nut in combination. Among the Guntur city population there is general lack of awareness regarding risk factors of oral cancer.Key words: Tobacco, Betel quid, Areca nut, Oral cancertext/html2012-05-15T11:09:31+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Lakshya KumarProsthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillofacial Trauma Patient - A Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3377
Rehabilitation of maxillofacial trauma patients is a challenging task. The most common prosthetic treatment problem with such patients is, getting adequate retention, stability and support. The size and location of the defect usually influences the amount of impairment and difficulty in prosthetic rehabilitation. In cases of large maxillary defect, movement of the prosthesis is inevitable. This clinical report describes method of rehabilitation of trauma patient with non invasive proceduretext/html2012-07-31T18:25:14+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Laxman KhanalEpidemiology of Malocclusion and Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Needs Among BDS Students of BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3602
Malocclusion is one of the common problems seen in all parts of the world and varies according to genetic, environment and race and we dental students are no exceptions. It causes the impairment of oral health, functions, aesthetics and also affects the psychology of an individual according to their perception. Since the classification of malocclusion by Edward Angle about 110 years back, people have tried to study about the incidence, prevalence and treatment needs of malocclusion among different groups of people around the world, this study is another brick in the wall. This study is the first of its kind done among the dental students of College of Dental Surgery, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, which apparently represents the entire country (Nepal); geographically, socio-economically and racially. This study is an attempt to measure the level of awareness among the dental students about malocclusion. Various indices have been used to assess the treatment needs in different studies like treatment priority index, Handicapped Labiolingual Deviation index (HLD), Summer’s occlusal index, etc; this study makes use of IOTN index which has been gaining national and international recognition as a method of objectively assessing the treatment needs. This index ranks malocclusion in terms of significance of various occlusal traits for the persons’ dental health and perceive aesthetic impairment with the intention of identifying those persons who would be most likely to benefit from orthodontic treatment.IOTN has 2 components:1. DHC (Dental Health Component): Where the examiner examines the patient’s occlusion according to the parameters given by IOTN and determines the patient’s orthodontic treatment needs. 2. AC (Aesthetic Component): Where the patient is asked to rate his/her occlusion or appearance against 10 standard photographs and decide on the need for orthodontic treatment. Hence IOTN assesses the orthodontic treatment need from the dentist’s and patient’s point of view. WHO/FDI index is another index used for the assessment of malocclusion. It assesses the malocclusion based on 3 headings: 1. Gross anomalies – cleft lip, cleft palate and syndromes2. Teeth – absent teeth, supernumerary teeth, malformation, ectopic eruption, diastema, crowding and spacing.3. Occlusion – overjet, overbite, openbite, crossbite, midline shift, molar relation, and any other important findings.text/html2010-07-22T16:33:24+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. William J MaloneyThe Integral Role of the Dentist in Treating Individuals with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/446
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder in which the individual displays a phenotypic expression similar to that of an aged individual. In addition, these individuals suffer from various afflictions usually seen in the elderly.HGPS individuals exhibit many dental manifestations as well as a multitude of other craniofacial manifestations of the disorder. Hence, it is a logical conclusion that dentistry should play a very large and vital role in not only the documentation of various traits of a dental and/or head and neck origin but, also, to conduct original research with a goal of unlocking some of the many mysteries of this rare but, scientifically, extremely relevant disorder. It has been suggested in the scientific literature that individuals born with HGPS might hold certain physical characteristics or traits which might enable science to unlock some of the cellular mysteries of natural aging (1).text/html2010-07-27T16:51:15+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. William J MaloneyA Life In Service In Dentistry- From United States Army General To Dean Of Tufts University School Of Dental Medicine: The Life Of Robert B. Shira, D.D.S.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/453
The life of Dr. Robert B. Shira should serve today as an example of the boundless possible ways by which dentists may serve their fellow man.Dr. Shira answered his call to serve in many diverse capacities- including practicing dentist, American Dental Association president, chief of the United States Army Dental Corps, editor, lecturer, author, vice-president and provost of Tufts university and Dean of Tufts University School of Dental Medicine.Throughout Dr. Shira’s nearly 92 years of life, he achieved much and inspired many through his actions. The true legacy of Dr. Shira’s life is not in the multitude of well-deserved awards and honors which were bestowed upon him during his lifetime but, rather, on his willingness and desire to reach down from his positions of power to mentor, guide and inspire his younger colleagues.This is the true mark of a great man.Dr.Shira was born on December 2, 1910 in Butler, Pennsylvania.Two years later his family moved to Dewey, Oklahoma where his education started in the public schools of Dewey (1). He excelled in academics from an early age and was selected Outstanding Student in his graduating high school class of 1927. He then attended Bartlesville (Oklahoma) Junior College for one year before entering Kansas City’s Western Dental College (2). Shira graduated from dental school four years later in 1932 with a D.D.S. degree and as a member of Omicron Kappa Upsilon Honor Dental Fraternity (1). Upon graduation, Dr. Shira began practicing dentistry in Dewey and Pawhuska, Oklahoma for a period of six years (1).At this point, Dr.Shira was about to embark on the next important chapter of his life- he was one of twelve successful applicants from a pool of 350 dentists applying to the U.S. Dental Corps (1). Shira was commissioned a first lieutenant in 1938 at Barksdale Field, Louisiana where he served as dental officer until being ordered, in 1941, to the Panama Canal Zone where he served as Chief of Dental Activities at Gorgas Hospital in Ancon until 1947 (3). It was during this period of time that Shira taught himself oral surgery. He was then transferred to Leatherman General Hospital in San Francisco, CA where he served as Chief of Oral Surgery until 1954. Shira then served as Chief of Dental Services and Chief of Oral Surgery at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, DC (3) from 1954 to 1964. It was at Walter Reed Hospital, in 1958, that Shira removed a broken molar of President Dwight D. Eisenhower (4). Dr. Shira also assisted in the establishment of the Army Dental Intern Program and an oral surgery residency program (5). Dr. Shira returned to Europe in 1964 as Dental Surgeon until 1966 when he was appointed Director of Dental Activities of the U.S. Army in Europe (3).In November 1966, Shira was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and was transferred back to Washington, DC (3) to serve as Director of Dental Services at Walter Reed Medical Center. Less than a year later, in September 1967, Shira was promoted again. This time he was promoted to the rank of Major General and assigned as Deputy Surgeon General and Chief of the Army Dental Corps. He was responsible for all military dental activities worldwide (1). In November of 1971, Dr. Shira retired from an exemplary military career (1). During his illustrious military career, Dr. Shira received many honors and distinctions. Amongst these are the National Defense Service Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster), Army Commendation Medal, American Defense Medal, American Campaign Medal, and the World War II Victory Medal (3).Dr.Robert Shira chaired many committees and councils during his career. His service as chair of the American Dental Association’s Council of Dental Therapeutics indirectly led to the next chapter in Dr. Shira’s life. A member of the Council, Dr. Walter Guralnick, suggested to Dr. Al Uhlmann, chairman of the dean’s search committee, that Dr. Shira be considered for the position of dean at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (6). Dr. Shira impressed the search committee consisting of Uhlmann, Dr. Lauro Cavazos, the Vice Presidents for Finance and Development, and Dean Maloney of the medical school (6). After 33 years of distinguished military service, Dr. Shira was appointed Dean of the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in 1971. He would serve in that position until 1979. He would later serve Tufts University as Senior Vice President, Provost, and Vice President for Health Sciences until retiring from Tufts University in 1993. In 1996, a Robert B. Shira Lecture was established at Tufts University (7).As dean, Shira’s organizational and leadership skills were evident. Upon becoming dean, the first thing Shira did was to solicit ideas and suggestions from the dental students. He then met with alumni. Shira established a professional dress code for the clinics and established the Millenium Club (“M”) whose members gave $1,000 annual gifts to the school. He placed many well-respected colleagues in positions of power throughout the school. Shira also instituted an externship program for dental students (6) which provided the graduating student with a more comprehensive dental education. During his deanship, Dr. Shira accepted the challenge of several members of the Massachusetts Dental Society who asked him to run for the presidency of the American Dental Association. He was successful and served as President in 1975-1976 (6).In 1996, Dr. Shira returned to live in the Washington, DC area (1) but remained active in many dental organizations. He served as President of the Pierre Fauchard Academy Foundation (1). During his career, he also served as President of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and as editor of the Journal of Oral Surgery (4). He was inducted into the International Dental Hall of Fame in October, 2000. Dr. Robert B. Shira passed away on November 22, 2002 at the age of 91 (4). He was predeceased by his wife of 60 years, Anne Eileen Shira (5). Dr. and Mrs. Shira had three daughters and eight grandchildren (5). The long, productive life of Dr. Shira was filled with many diverse roles but can be summed up in one word- service.
text/html2010-09-08T18:27:47+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Reema GuptaStomatologic Prosthesis In Management Of Maxillary Resection For Carcinoma Of Maxillary Antrum : A Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/555
Malignant tumours of nasal cavity and para nasal sinuses have a low incidence rate. Management of maxillary malignancies and/or surrounding structures necessitates the removal of partial or total maxilla, leaving the patient with a defect that compromises the function and integrity of the oral cavity. Stomatologic rehabilitation via palatal obturator is preferred in patients with poor prognosis or weak conditions to obtain the necessary gnathological, anatomical and functional harmony. This case report describes the clinical case of subtotal maxillectomy due to carcinoma of maxillary sinus, which was rehabilitated with obturator in unique combination to provide retention, stability and support to the prosthesis.text/html2010-09-09T21:36:58+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. William J MaloneyA Tooth Is Worth A Treasure
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/576
Abstract
Dentistry has captured the hearts and minds of both the greatest masters of literature and their audiences throughout the ages.Like real-life dentistry, the characters of literature pose different diagnostic challenges, have different ideas of what they desire for their teeth, have various medical issues and conditions which have to be handled correctly.There are also some who might raise ethical issues or patient management concerns.This paper portrays eight characters from the world of literature seeking treatment in the office of a dentist who is also a literary character. A section is devoted to each character.Every section provides the reader with 1) an imaginative rendering of a visit to the dentist by each character, 2) a quote or quotes from the individual piece of literature, 3) a brief history of the work of literature and 4) a brief examination of a topic in the dental literature which pertains to the dental issues of the character.It provides quotes from these literary works which provide a portal into the way in which dentistry has been viewed in various cultures at different times throughout history.An explanation of the background behind the quotes pertinent to the practice of dentistry is provided as is an analysis of a modern-day response to the dental situation presented by the literary figure.text/html2010-09-14T22:35:56+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Khamis A HassanPolymerization Shrinkage Stress Reduction in Direct Occlusal Composite Restoration Placed Using Split-increment Horizontal Technique - Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/626
Several incremental placement techniques have been introduced in an effort to reduce polymerization shrinkage stress associated with light curing of composite resins.In the horizontal technique, placement of each composite increment connects the cavity floor with the four surrounding walls and produces, upon light curing, the highest and the most unfavorable C-factor ratio of 5.Concern has been expressed when individual increments are placed to sinultaneously contact opposing cavity walls before light-curing as the resulting polymerization shrinkage stress may cause the cusps to deform by bending toward each other.This stress may cause postoperative sensitivity and can be detrimental to the tooth and the marginal integrity over time.In the presented split-increment horizontal technique, each horizontal increment was split into four triangular-shaped portions before curing, where each portion bonds only to one cavity wall and part of the floor.Then, one diagonal cut was completely filled with dentin shade composite and light-cured, followed by filling and curing of one half of the second diagonal cut at a time.This increment splitting would reduce the C-factor ratio from 5 to 0.5 and permit the shrinkage stress to be relieved by flow of the free composite surface at the diagonal cuts and not at the bonded interfaces, thus minimizing the adverse effects of the generated polymerization shrinkage stresses.text/html2010-09-30T21:50:24+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Gastone ZanetteAnaesthesia techniques for dental patients with uncommon diseases. A series of case report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/800
Anaesthesia techniques for dental procedures are rarely debated among dentists and anaesthesiologists. Recommendations, indications and contraindications for sedation and/or general anaesthesia in dentistry are not so clearly established. Published scientific evidence are lacking and all the recommendations are therefore based on strong agreement among professionals. Indications for dental treatment under general anaesthesia may be related to patient’s condition, to intervention or to local anaesthesia problems. Known contraindications to this treatment are the refusal by patient and/or patient’s relatives or legal representative and conditions of major risks (ASA III-IV patients). It is wide accepted, among dentists, that LA, along with iatrosedation should be routinely employed as the first treatment step. The next step should be the addition of conscious sedation, if needed, while GA should be considered as the last resort. First and second steps should be performed by the dentist also defined “sedationist”, in this setting. Benefits and risks of general anaesthesia should be considered before taking a decision, and minimal requirements are a pre-anaesthesia consultation providing information to patients and obtaining informed consent. In this paper we report our experience regarding the management of dental patients affected by uncommon systemic diseases and our opinion regarding this issue.text/html2010-09-30T17:08:36+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Reclaru LucienScreening Test for Metal Identification in Prosthetic Dentistry
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/835
*The identification of the chemical nature of metallic restorations may provide useful information in odontological diagnosis. *Dentists commonly use the splint-test for such identification. Abrasion debris is collected from the metal restoration in the patient’s mouth, and the sample is then sent to a laboratory for chemical analysis.*This paper describes a simple technique of qualitative analysis, allowing the practitioner to rapidly identify the dental alloy on the spot.text/html2010-10-05T20:02:47+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Salwa E KhierDental Analgam: Myth vs. reality
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/904
Dental amalgam is a mixture of metals such as silver, copper and tin, in addition to mercury, which chemically binds these components into a hard and stable substance.Amalgam has been widely used to restore billions of teeth for the past 150 year.Popularity of amalgam restoratives stems, in large part, from its durability, affordability, and ease of placement.Despite rumours that amalgam has been banned in some countries, it is currently available for use around the world and several new brands marketed frequently by reputable dental companies.Mercury is undisputedly a neurotoxin material. The safety of mercury-containing amalgam has periodically been questioned as mercury vapor is released from the surfaces of amalgam restorations. A public concern has arisen after sensational media stories have been aired and broadcasted about amalgam safety. Such media programs, coupled with authorized reports, have attributed a range of medical conditions and symptoms related to the presence of amalgam restorations. Included are multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, psychological stress, and allergic reaction.In this review article, it was meant to cite and analyze a collection of myths and half-truths virtual folklore of anti-amalgamists. Facts that are based on sound recent literature were also discussed in a trial to correct those myths. The vast majority of the scientific evidences indicated that dental amalgam has a well-documented history of safety and efficacy in dentistry.text/html2010-10-21T17:31:08+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Tomoki SumidaImpacted Teeth In The Same Location Of Monozygotic Twins: A Report Of Two Cases
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1048
We have presented here the cases of a pair of monozygotic twin sisters with impaction of the lower second premolars. Tooth extraction was necessary because of the orthodontic reasons, and the teeth were sequentially extracted under local anesthesia. The patients are currently undergoing orthodontic treatment, and their clinical course after tooth extraction was uneventful. Although the impaction of second premolar is not a rare situation, it is extremely rare that these impactions in the same location are observed. In our case, the twins were monozygotic. Therefore, we suspected that the cause of the tooth impaction in the same location was influenced by the genetic background.text/html2010-10-30T01:31:41+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Davide ZaffeCarious Dentin Treatment For Glass Ionomer Cement Adhesion: A Comparative Study
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1091
Carisolv method is a minimally invasive treatment of carious lesions which may improve patient collaboration and allow care of minimal dental cavities, especially in young people. The aim of this study was to compare H3PO4 and Carisolv in vitro treatments of human dentin applying microradiography, SEM examination and X-ray microanalysis to evaluate the capacity of these products to clean dentin surface for glass ionomer cement (GCI) application.Forty extracted permanent molars with dentin caries were treated with 35% H3PO4 or Carisolv gel according to manufacturer instructions. Ten teeth of each group were filled with GCI and then embedded in methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). The PMMA blocks were sectioned, polished and microradiographed. The remaining teeth were dehydrated and desiccated in a critical point dryer. Sections and teeth were then prepared for SEM and X-ray microanalysis.H3PO4 treatment produced unpolished surfaces (probably due to mineral re-precipitation), demineralization of dentin, exorbitant tubule widening, highly irregular dentin surface of cavities, and dentin fragments embedded by GCI. Carisolv treatment produced polished dentin surfaces with open tubules, little crystal re-precipitation, good GCI adhesion and penetration inside tubules.The chemo-mechanical method (Carisolv) seems to be a good technique for treating carious cavities, minimizing dentin injury and providing an appropriate surface for adhesive bonding.text/html2010-11-29T20:32:17+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Reema GuptaPalatal Obturator
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1239
Carcinoma of maxillary sinus is a common sinonasal tract tumor. Malignant tumors of Sinonasal tract constitutes less than 1% of all malignancies in the body and about 3% of head and neck cancers.This case report describes the case of carcinoma of maxillary sinus, which is rehabilitated with obturator.text/html2011-02-25T22:24:52+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Shodan M Raj Factors Affecting The Knowledge On Prevention Of Oral Diseases Among School Teachers Of Dharwad City, A Survey From India
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1618
Aim: To assess factors affecting the knowledge on prevention of oral diseases among school teachers of Dharwad city and to assess the relationship of knowledge about prevention of common oral diseases with the sociodemographic variables.Materials and methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among the school teachers of Dharwad city. The questionnaire was close ended with 26 items. The total sample size was 215 arrived at by stratified systematic sampling.Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 215 study subjects and there was a response rate of 95.34% (n=205). Knowledge about the prevention of common oral diseases varied from 43.90 % to 91.22%, i.e Dental caries à91.22% Gum disease à 68.78 Irregular teeth à 53.17%, Oral cancer à43.90%. Knowledge was highest in the unaided schools followed by the aided schools and then the government schools.Conclusions: Females had a significantly higher knowledge about the prevention of malocclusion than males. Knowledge about the prevention of dental decay and oral cancer was significantly higher in 30-60 year old age group than in the 21-30 age groups. The results showed that school dental health services must compulsorily hold demonstrations or lectures on prevention of oral diseases, in order to involve the teachers in oral health promotion of the child.
text/html2011-02-28T18:54:56+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Sunit K JurelComplete Denture Impression Techniques: A Review
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1639
Code of practice is dangerous and ever-changing in today’s world. Relating this to complete denture impression technique, we have been provided with a set of philosophies - “no pressure, minimal pressure, definite pressure and selective pressure”. The objectives and principles of impression-making have been clearly defined. Do you think any philosophy can satisfy any operator to work on these principles and achieve these objectives? These philosophies take into consideration only the tissue part and not the complete basal seat, which comprises the periphery, the tissues and the bone structure.Under such circumstances, should we consider a code of practice dangerous or should we develop an evidence-based approach having a scientific background following certain principles, providing the flexibility to adapt to clinical procedures and to normal biological variations in patients rather than the rigidity imposed by strict laws?Key words: Basal seat, bony trajectories, impression techniques, selective pressure.text/html2011-03-08T17:51:16+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Royana SinghNecrotizing Sialometaplasia : A Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1704
Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign, self-limiting lesion of both major & minor salivary glands,it mimic mucoepidermoid carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma in its clinical and histological features The presentation of such an ulcer, mimicking malignancy should be diagnosed correctly to avoid mental and surgical trauma to the patient. We present diagnosis and treatment of ulcers on the palate and in oral vestibule in 26 year old, Indian female .The base of ulcer on the left posterior aspect of the palate rested on the palatine bone and was covered with necrotic debris. The ulcer in the vestibule was deep and a fungating mass was seen at its margin. Computed tomography and histopathological examination was done. Following the treatment an improvement in the patient’s condition was observed, the ulcer had healed both at the vestibule and palate within 10 weeks.text/html2011-03-31T18:51:16+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Manoj HumagainEvaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) About Oral Health Among Secondary Level Students of Rural Nepal - A Questionnaire Study
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1805
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) about oral health among the secondary level students of rural Nepal.
Study Design: A total of 1000 secondary level school children (622 male, 378 female) of age group 13 to 18 years were selected for the study. Data on oral health knowledge, attitudes and practice was collected by means of 30 self-administered close ended questionnaires.
Results: The result of this study show that only 35.1% of the study sample brushes their teeth at least twice daily while 64.9% reported regular brushing once daily. 66.3% of the study population was aware that gingival bleeding reflects gingivitis and only 48% knew the significance of dental plaque. Only 20% reported that they were regular dental attendees, while only 19 % of the respondent visited dentist only when they got dental pain. Majority of the study sample reported that dentist did provide proper care (99%) and explained dental procedures (76%) and preventive instructions (80%).
Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that oral health related KAP among the secondary school level students of rural Nepal is poor. The findings of this study suggested that group of secondary level students would be the appropriate target group to receive the first organized intervention leading towards improving the periodontal health status and reducing prevalence of dental caries through increasing their knowledge, attitude and behavior, then followed by other groups.
Key words: Oral Health, Knowledge, Attitude, Practicetext/html2011-04-19T19:22:13+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. William J MaloneyVitruvian Man - Leonardo da Vinci\'s Interpretation of the Golden Proportion and its Application in Modern Dentistry
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1879
Leonardo da Vinci’s drawing ‘Vitruvian Man’ has captured the imagination of generations while, at the same time, confounding them with its meaning. Upon casual inspection it appears to be merely a masterfully drawn representation of a male figure with odd handwritten notes and various geometric figures about it. In actuality, Leonardo placed in his drawing a shrouded message which, by his lifetime, had already been passed down among the masters for approximately two millenia. This message is pertinent today, in the twenty-first century, as dentistry strives to produce restorations which approach that which nature itself has created.
The breadth of Leonardo da Vinci’s work is staggering. The life’s work of Leonardo traversed a diverse spectrum from mechanics to sculpture, from anatomy to painting, from architecture to drawing. The breadth of his work and knowledge was awe-inspiring. However, his immense collection of works was merely a by-product of his superlative intellect. Throughout the centuries scientists and historians have attempted to make some sense of Leonardo’s intellectual abilities. In order to attempt to grasp the magnificence of both Leonardo’s intellect and its offspring, his creations, one most not focus solely on the amazing breadth of his work but also its depth.
The majestic beauty of Leonardo’s works rests in the marriage of seemingly unrelated disciplines. Leonardo took disciplines which even today appear to be unrelated and coalesced the two into a finished product which was not only technically perfect or only artistically without equal. Leonardo had a multi-disciplinary approach to his work and this is what breathed life into his creations and separated his work from that of the other masters.
Nowhere in Leonardo’s vast compendium of works is this marriage between multiple disciplines more apparent than in his drawing, ‘Vitruvian Man’. ‘Vitruvian Man’ is Leonardo’s ciphered prescription to future generations to decode his secret for bringing a lifelike quality to his work. This quality in one’s work is oft-desired by many various professions and artisans but, yet, is so rarely obtained. These highly skilled and proficient practitioners of various disciplines usually always fall short in their pursuit of that elusive quality which would transcend their work from mere excellence to the realm of a higher entity.
In ‘Vitruvian Man’ it is almost as if Leonardo himself is delivering a coded lesson to modern dentists. He is demonstrating to us that the scientific aspects of the dental profession must exist in concert with its artistic aspects in order to provide the elusive breath of life into the visceral creations of the dental profession. Leonardo instructs us, in extreme detail, how to transform our creations (i.e. veneers, crowns, etc.) from a technically superior piece of craftsmanship into an object which approaches that which it has been meant to replace. text/html2011-05-04T19:42:15+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. William J MaloneyOccam\'s Razor and Hickam\'s Dictum: The Transformation of a Theoretical Discussion into a Modern and Revolutionary Tool in Oral Diagnostics
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1914
In the fourteenth-century William of Ockham formulated a philosophical theory based on the principle of lex parsimoniae. This theory became known as Occam’s Razor. The Razor demands that one hypothesis be selected over another hypothesis, both being equally sound hypotheses, based on which one makes the fewest new assumptions. Occam’s Razor has survived and endured through the centuries making vital contributions to the work of Sir Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, and, finally, to William Osler who introduced the theory to medicine.
The twentieth-century saw many dramatic advances in medicine. Due to these great advances a shift in the hierarchy of diagnostic theories was in order. Dr. John B. Hickam, a 1940 graduate of Harvard University Medicine School and Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of Indiana, provided the medical community with a much needed counterargument to Occam’s Razor. Dr. Hickam basically stated that a patient’s signs and symptoms could be brought on by any number of ailments.
Today, many individuals are living relatively symptom-free lives with such chronic ailments as diabetes, asthma, HIV, and epilepsy. This can lead to diagnostic challenges for the medical community as the patient might develop new ailments which might go undiagnosed due to the incorrect attribution of new signs and symptoms to disorders which had been previously diagnosed. Many times the dental profession is presented with a rare and precious opportunity to diagnose certain ailments in their earliest stages before an individual’s physician would be made aware of such new signs and symptoms.
A collaborative effort is proposed. This collaboration would seek to apply a theoretical mathematical formula to the theories of Occam and Hickam with the development of a computer-based program to allow for the diagnosis of certain ailments (e.g. oral cancer) of the oral cavity and head/neck region in the earliest of stages.text/html2011-06-01T18:20:18+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pegah Mosannen-MozafariOnycholysis as an Endodontics Hazard: A Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1961
Dentistry is one of the careers which have so many occupational risks for dentists in competence with therapeutic advantages for patients. By far dermatitis, musculoskeletal disorder, carpal tunnel syndrome, allergies, psychological problems, respiratory problems and obesity have been known as occupational hazards of dentistry. Onycholysis and nail pitting are of occupational dermatitis of manicurists and people whose jobs relate to vibrating machines but have not been mentioned in dentistry. Here we report a unique case of this object.A 29-year-old right-handed female dentist who had been carrying out endodontics for 5 years , was visited in Qaem dermatology clinic with complaint of nail deformity .There was not any evidence of dermatologic disease and allergy in her medical history. Clinical examination revealed onycholysis in internal angle of right thumbnail and pitting in the ipsilateral index finger, with a 6 months duration. Besides, nail bed biopsy ruled out other differential diagnosis of dermatologic disease with nail manifestations. She reported exacerbation of the condition with longer occupation time and relative improvement in vacations. The possibility of occupational onycholysis with a none-allergic etiology was considered. Improvement was noted when she stopped her career.This is the first report of occupational onycholysis due to dentistry. It seems that because of the variable approaches in different branches of dentistry occupational hazards should be assessed separately.text/html2011-06-27T19:47:20+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Joanna WitanowskaMesiodens and Impacted Incisor in Each of Monozygotic Twin Sisters: A Report of Two Fully Concordant Cases
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1995
An extremely rare case is reported where monozygotic twin sisters, with a mesiodens in each and impacted unerupted upper left incisor, show a high degree of co-twin concordance. Since 1963, two analogous cases of monozygotic twin sisters have only been recorded, and six analogous cases of monozygotic twin brothers. The high degree of concordance observed seems to indicate that the sisters have avoided any significant effects of epigenetic origin, and their case provides evidence in favor of genetic factor in the etiology of mesiodentes.text/html2011-08-30T13:52:44+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Shivakumar M KondlalliSexual Dimorphism in Deciduous Dentition: A Lilliput Effect
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2130
Background: Teeth are an excellent material in living and non-living populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations. Based on odontometric investigations tooth size standards can be used for age and sex determination.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of sexual dimorphism and to evaluate the differences in mesio-distal and bucco-lingual width of deciduous dentition among 3 – 5 year old school children of Wardha city, India.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on was conducted on 100 school children comprised of 50 male and 50 female children of 3-5 years were selected. The greatest mesio-distal width of all deciduous teeth was measured using a vernier caliper of 0.1mm resolution. The mesio-distal widths were measured between its contact points. Similarly the bucco-lingual/palatal widths were measured.The Student’s-t test was used to test the difference between measurements of male and female children.
Results: Statistically significant difference has been observed in maxillary canine and 1st molar mesio-distal width between male and female children. Statistically significant difference has been observed between male and female children for mandibular lateral incisor and 2nd molar teeth.
Conclusions: The sexual dimorphism also exists in deciduous dentition. These findings could be of much use in identifying the sex of victims where extensive loss of soft tissues makes identification difficult.text/html2011-11-24T16:40:49+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Sameer PariharOral Candidiasis- A Review
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2498
Dr. Sameer1, Dr. Pooja Narain2, Dr. V N Jhameria3, Dr D K Gupta4, Dr Farzan Rahman5,
Dr. Juhi Narain6
Assistant Professor, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Senior Lecturer, Oral Pathologist, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Rajasthan Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Professor, Paediatric Surgeon, Department of Paediatric Surgery, J K Lon Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Professor, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Professor, Oral Pathologist, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Jaipur Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur, India.
Dental Surgeon, Dental Clinic, Jaipur, India.
text/html2011-12-13T15:35:49+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Vinod K DaymaBisphosphonate-induced Jaw Osteonecrosis (BJON) & its Management Strategy
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2619
Bisphosphonates administered intravenously are used to treat patients with cancer who have hypercalcemia associated with malignant disease, multiple myeloma or metastatic tumors (breast, lung, prostate) in the bones. Bisphosphonates are bone resorption inhibitors and have been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws. Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a major complication associated with long-term use of bisphosphonates. While osteonecrosis can arise from other precipitating conditions, bisphosphonate-induced jaw osteonecrosis (BJON) is highly associated with long-term administration of pamidronate and zoledronic acid, which are two intravenous bisphosphonate formulations. The underlying pathogenesis of BJON and its site-specific presentation still remain to be fully elucidated. Some clinical recommendations on prevention and management are suggested, as summarized from current literature.text/html2012-01-11T22:28:22+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Shruthi HegdeParry Romberg Syndrome
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2868
A 35-year old female presented to us with deformity on the right side of the face. The patients history revealed the occurrence of an indurated area on the right side of the face 19-years prior to the date of reporting. The indurated area showed gradual increase in the pigmentations and progressive atrophy on the same side of the face over the years. Previous attempts of treatment with cortico-steroids showed limited reduction in pigmentations. History of progressive increase in mobility of the tooth on the same side of the jaw lead to multiple uneventful extractions. On examination atrophic changes were observed on the right lower third of the face with corrugation of the skin near the angle of the mouth. Wrinkled appearance of the overlying skin due to lack of subcutaneaous fat was evident on the right side. The changes were only restricted to right side of the midline (Figure 1). Hyper pigmented areas with stretched shiny appearance was observed over the right malar region. This was in sharp contrast to the normal appearing left side of the face. Based on these clinical finding and characteristic history provided by the patient a clinical diagnosis of hemifacial atrophy was made. Since the condition did not cause major esthetic concern, the patient was advised regular follow up.text/html2012-01-20T12:01:38+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Prashant KothariClassical Picture of Port Wine Stain
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2897
It is important for general practitioners to recognize cutaneous port-wine stains as these could signify important association with Sturge Weber syndrome, where neurological and ocular complications are likely. Port-wine stains are venous ectasias that are present at birth,but changes colour from pale to pink in the newborn to a deep red or dark purple colour (as in port wine) later.text/html2012-01-20T12:00:40+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Prashant KothariGorham Disease an Enigma
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2898
Vanishing bone disease, or Gorham disease, was first defined as a specific entity by Gorhamrare disorder characterized by proliferation of vascular channels, which results in destruction and resorption of osseous matrix. Only a few cases have been reported in the jaws. Vanishing bone disease or massive osteolysis of the lower jaw will initially affect the mandibular basal and alveolar bone, which subsequently involves the rami and the condyles.text/html2012-01-21T17:11:00+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Prashant KothariRadiographic Appearance of Ameloblastoma
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2904
Radiologically, the lesions are expansile, with thinning of the cortex in the buccal–lingual plane. The lesions are classically multilocular cystic with a “soap bubble” or “honeycomb” appearance. On occasion, conventional radiographs reveal unilocular ameloblastomas, resembling dentigerous cysts or odontogenic keratocysts. The radiographic appearance of ameloblastoma can vary according to the type of tumour. In a patient with a swelling in the jaw, the first step in diagnosis is panoramic radiography. Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumour usually located in the jaw bone. The tumour is thought to originate from sources that include residual epithelium from tooth germ; epithelium of odontogenic cysts; stratified squamous epithelium; and epithelium of the enamel organ. It represents approximately 1% of oral tumours; 80% of ameloblastomas occur in the mandible and the remaining 20% in the upper jaw. The area of the mandible that is most affected is the third molar region.1 Reported cases of ameloblastoma occur over a wide range of ages, with the mean age in the 20s or 30s, and with equal frequency in men and women. Clinically, ameloblastoma appears as an aggressive odontogenic tumour, often asymptomatic and slow growing, with no evidence of swelling. It can sometimes cause symptoms such as swelling, dental malocclusion, pain and paresthesia of the affected area. It spreads by forming pseudopods in marrow spaces without concomitant resorption of the trabecular bone. As a result, the margins of the tumour are not clearly seen on radiographs or during surgery and the tumour frequently recurs after inadequate surgical removal The appearance of septae on the radiograph usually represents differential resorption of the cortical plate by the tumour and not actual separation of tumour portions. Because of its slow growth, recurrences of ameloblastoma generally present many yearstext/html2012-01-22T08:33:02+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Gentian VyshkaThe Impact of the Rehabilitation of Occlusal Interferences to the Activity of Masticatory Muscles
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2908
Aim: A comparison was made between the electromyographic values to patient with limited unilateral defect on dental arches before and after prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed dental prosthesis.Study design: Electromyographic tests were carried out during function at maximum effort clenching of the masseter muscles and anterior temporalis muscles in a group consisting of 10 patients and have the need of prosthetic rehabilitation. The electromyographic exploration results three weak after prosthetic rehabilitation were compared to those made before prosthetic rehabilitation.Results: There were significant differences among electromyographic values before and after prosthetic rehabilitation.Conclusion: We thus conclude that among limited unilateral defects on dental arches there is place for prosthetic treatment of the occlusion as prophylactic treatment for muscular activity.text/html2012-01-31T17:59:44+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Prashant KothariTreacher Collins Syndrome- A Case Report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2902
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) or Franceschetti syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development with variable expressivity. It is named after E Treacher Collins who described the essential components of the condition in 1900. Incidence of this syndrome is approximately 1 in 50,000 live births and it affects both genders equally. It affects structures which are derivatives of the first and second brachial arches. The most common manifestations of TCS are the antimongloid slanting of the palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelid, hypoplasia of zygoma and mandible; and a variety of ear abnormalities. This article describes clinical features of TCS in an 6 yr old male who had reported to the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology.text/html2012-01-30T11:00:53+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Kanwaldeep S SoodanRigid Internal Fixation for Mandibular Fractures- A Comprehensive Study
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2948
Rigid Internal Fixation for Mandibular Fractures- A Comprehensive Study
In the Preantibiotic era, closed reduction of fractures was understandably the rule for most fractures. However, when closed reduction was insufficient, external fixation appliances served to maintain skeletal units in position, frequently without the need for MMF (Maxillo-mandibular fixation) .Following the development of antibiotics, the open treatment of fractures began to be used on a more frequent basis.Rigid internal fixation (RIF) is “Any form of fixation applied directly to the bones which is strong enough to permit active use of the skeletal structure during the healing phase and also helps in healing”.Mechanical Stress on Bone under FunctionThe force of the masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis muscle results in upward and forward vector of force on the posterior aspect of the mandible. The suprahyoid musculature places a downward and posterior force on the anterior portion of the mandible. With the pterygomasseteric sling functioning as a point of fulcrum, the superior border of the angle/posterior mandible is placed under tension while the inferior border is placed under compression.Fractured Angle MandibleWhen fracture occurs at the angle, the upward and forward rotation of the posterior mandible combined with the downward and posterior movement of the anterior mandible results in distraction at the superior border and with bony contact remaining at the inferior border of the mandible .Goals of RIF (AO/ASIF)The goal of the AO/ASIF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/ Association for the study of Internal Fixation) is RIF with primary bone healing, even under functional loading.Four basic principles for RIF1) Accurate reduction of the bone fragments2) Stable fixation of the fragments3) Preservation of the adjacent blood supply4) Early functional mobilization.Techniques of RIFA) Simple Single – Plate Rigid StabilizationChristiansen (1945)[1] used an extremely rigid reconstruction type plate or multihole rigid fracture plate at the inferior border. According to him, it prevents distraction in the area of tension &bony continuity at the inferior border is maintained. The design of the plate may or may not allow compression at the site of plate fixation.B) Dynamic Compression Plates (DCP)During the mid-1960, Luhr[2,3] used vitallium mandibular compression bone plate.DCP incorporates the concept of horizontal displacement resulting from forces generated by a spherical surface against an inclined plane. In DCP, when screw head tightened, it slides down an inclined plane within the plate causing underlying bone to translate toward fracture site.DCP, has two compression holes, one on either side of fracture line & two passive holes placed on either end of plate to eliminate rotational movements. Each compression hole causes movement of around 0.8mm, therefore both holes cause movement of 1.6mm. While adapting the plate to the buccal cortex, plate must be overbent by about 1mm to prevent a gap on lingual aspect of cortex as compression is activated. The drill is used through drill guide. It has 2 numbers on its surface: 0.8mm & 0mm.If side marked 0.8mm towards fracture line used, screw placed will cause compression across fracture. If 0mm towards #line, screw will be placed in passive position. A depth gauge is used to establish the proper length screw.Activation of a DCP at inferior portion in the angle or body region has shown to result in distraction of the superior border of the mandible during function .To neutralize this gap formation at the alveolus, the tension band was introduced.C) Eccentric Dynamic Compression Plate (EDCP)Schmoker[4] and Niederdellmann[5] (1973) developed EDCP. The principle of the EDCP depends on the activation of compression holes in two different planes. It’s useful in cases of impacted third molar, an edentulous mandible, or avulsion of bone from the fracture. EDCP has two compression holes on either side of fracture lines similar to DCP + has two obliquely placed compression holes on ends of plate.On insertion of screws in holes closest to the fracture site, compression is applied at the inferior border whereas completion of screw insertion and tightening in the lateral holes produces rotation around the holes closest to the fracture site resulting in compression at the superior border.RIF allows immediate limited function rather than requiring time-honoured maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) during the convalescent period. The techniques are all based on precise alignment of the dentition and the bone with plate and/ or screw osteosynthesis, with or without axial compression of the bone ends.text/html2012-02-15T10:13:09+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Constantino Ledesma-MontesCalcium Release and pH of Three Endodontic Root Canal Sealers.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3017
The aim of this study was to asses the calcium release and pH of three root canal sealers. pH and calcium release of three root canal sealers Apexit, Sealapex and Vitapex, were assessed at 30 and 60 min, and 7 days after spatulation. After manipulation, the sealers were placed in tubes and immersed in sealed glass flasks containing 10ml of deionized water and stored at 37°C. Tubes were removed at the scheduled times and the water was tested for pH with a potentiometer and for released calcium atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. Vitapex produced an alkaline pH and released significantly higher calcium amounts more pronounced results at 7 days compared with the other sealers. Sealapex presented the highest calcium ion release, especially after the longest interval. High calcium release and pH are valuable features for a root canal sealer under clinical conditions.Key words: Endodontics, sealers, calcium, pH, root canal.text/html2012-02-16T10:09:23+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Amit GuptaMultidisciplinary Treatment Approach for Missing Central Incisor
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3019
Improved technology and interdisciplinary team work allows dental providers to achieve treatment goals of function, esthetics, stability and health. This paper reports the management of a missing single anterior tooth by conventional implant prosthesis along with adjunctive orthodontic treatment.text/html2012-03-24T14:13:38+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Saeed AsgaryNon-surgical endodontic retreatment of failed surgical retreatment: A case report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3179
The purpose of this article was to illustrate an alternative approach to non-surgical management of teeth with failed surgical retreatment. The patient presented with complaint of severe pain after endodontic treatment of the maxillary right lateral and central incisors, which has not been reduce by periradicular surgery. Radiographic examination revealed the poor quality of both the endodontic and amalgam root-end fillings, which were associated with periapical lesions. Non-surgical endodontic retreatment was performed while the root-end amalgams were left. The case was considered as open-apex teeth; therefore, MTA plugs were placed to ensure obtaining a hermetic seal. Follow-ups of 6 years post-procedure revealed clinical disappearance of the symptoms, and radiographs established complete healing of the lesions without removing the root-end amalgams. The treatment was successful in this case, while avoiding re-surgery has led to preserving root length. Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment may provide an alternative to the more complicated option of re-surgical treatment. Keywords: Case report, Endodontic retreatment, Endodontic surgery, Mineral trioxide aggregate, Oral surgerytext/html2012-06-23T19:28:18+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pavani BellamkondaCoverage and Quality of Oral Cancer Information in Newspapers of Hyderabad, India: A 15-Year Retrospective Study.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3505
Objective: To assess the coverage and quality of oral cancer information in newspapers circulated in Hyderabad for 15 years (1996-2011).Methods: Articles on oral cancer in news papers were retrieved from old newspaper archives in internet and from newspaper libraries published between years 1996 and August 2011. The articles were analyzed both for quality and accuracy of information using criteria suggested by Maria T. Canto et al, 1998. Results: A total of 72 articles and news items on oral cancer were identified and assessed for quality of information. 91.6 % of the articles mentioned at least one risk factor and all of them identified tobacco as risk factor. 19.4% of the articles mentioned at least one warning signs. 11.1% articles mentioned symptoms of oral cancer. Information about location of oral cancer lesion was mentioned in 15.2% articles. Based on accuracy scale, 1 among 72 articles was inaccurate, 71 had combination of accurate and inaccurate information and none of them were accurate. CONCLUSION: The coverage of oral cancer information is scanty and the quality of information provided is poor.text/html2012-10-01T20:22:20+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pavani BellamkondaRole of Medical Officers In Referring the Dental Patients In Primary Health Centers Of Ranga Reddy District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3736
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of dental problems and the referral system adopted by medical officers working in PHCs of Ranga Reddy district.
Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among medical officers working in PHCs of Ranga Reddy district. Data was obtained through a closed ended, structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, awareness regarding dental problems and referral pattern of patients with dental problems by medical officers working in PHC. All the medical officers who were working in the PHCs were included in the study.
Results: 45% of the patients visiting PHCs presented with dental problems such as dental caries and gum problems. 90% of the medical officers of the PHCs did not offer any dental treatment to the patients. Medicines were prescribed by all the medical officers to the patients with dental problems. Almost 45% of the medical officers referred their patients to a nearby dental college based on the severity of the condition.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that, most of the medical officers had a positive attitude towards diagnosis and treatment of the dental problems, but they neither had sufficient knowledge nor the resources to provide dental services. Oral health is neglected in rural areas, so there is need for at least one dentist in the PHCs to promote the oral health of the people.text/html2012-10-27T16:36:39+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Vishal KhandelwalEndodontic Therapy of a Maxillary Premolar with an S-Shaped Canal
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3795
Multirooted teeth represent a challenge to both endodontic diagnosis and treatment due to its complex and unusual root canal morphology in many cases and often encountered during endodontic treatment. Success depends on understanding the unusual root canal morphology. One of the variant root canal morphology is the ‘S’ shaped or bayonet shaped root canal. This case report discusses treatment of ‘S’ shaped root canal in maxillary second premolar of 21 year old female.text/html2012-11-15T17:57:31+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pavani BellamkondaOral Health Status of the Welfare Hostel Students in Vikarabad Town,Andhra Pradesh,India
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3828
BACKGROUND: Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. However, millions of children suffer from dental problems. AIM: To evaluate the oral health status of welfare hostel students. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the prevalence of dental caries among welfare hostel children 2. To assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis 3. To assess the prevalence of dental calculus among the study population MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in welfare hostels of Vikarabad town, Rangareddy dist, AndhraPradesh. The study population comprised of 501welfare hostel children of age ranging from 8 to 17years. Out of 501 subjects, 283 were boys and 218 were girls. RESULTS:
26.15% of the boys and 15.14% of girls had poor oral hygiene. Prevalence of dental caries among boys was 34.28% and 31.65% among girls. Prevalence of moderate fluorosis among boys was 4.95% and 3.21% among girls. Conclusion:
Prevalence of periodontal disease, dental caries and fluorosis is statistically significant in relation to age groups. A systemic implementation of preventive care and community oriented health programs are needed for the continuous promotion of oral health in welfare hostels.text/html2012-12-12T16:48:54+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Gastone ZanetteZygomatic Implants Performed Under Regional Anaesthesia and Conscious Sedation
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3885
Modern dental surgery achieves the better results through the combination of regional anaesthesia with conscious sedation techniques. Major dental surgery can be performed safely and comfortably if the dental equipe is skilled in performing conscious sedation and specific nerve blocks using long lasting local anaesthetics. More often zygomatic implants are positioned under general anaesthesia, a safe technique, but unsuitable for the dental office. We report our personal experience regarding two patients scheduled for bilateral zygomatic implants performed under regional anaesthesia and conscious sedation. Peri-operative complications were not observed and both patients resulted utterly satisfied.text/html2013-02-09T11:27:09+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. A.s.k BhargavaOral Health Surveillance Through Twitter
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4001
Background: The microblogging service Twitter is a web site that enables users to broad cast tweets or short posts. With the growing ubiquity of user generated online content via social networking web sites such as Twitter, we are experiencing a revolution in communication and information sharing. Objective: To assess whether social networking sites such as twitter can be used for oral health surveillance or not.
Methods: The content of Twitter posts meeting search criteria relating to discoloured/fractured/irregular/missing teeth/gum problems and tooth decay was investigated. A set of 394 tweets were selected from 2176 tweets over a period of one week after excluding un-interpretable and multiple tweets from the same user. Tweets were categorized as a general statement of dental problem, action taken or contemplated and the impact on the individuals.
Results: Among the 394 tweets, 67% were general statements of dental problems, 26% were regarding action taken and 7% showed the impact on daily activities. Among the actions taken 68% reported visiting a dentist, followed by 18% actively sought advice from the Twitter community.
Conclusion: Twitter data can also be used as a proxy measure of the effectiveness of public health messaging or public health campaigns. This medium can be used to disseminate oral health information and also for oral health surveillance.text/html2013-02-12T14:00:49+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pratap V KompalliKnowledge, Attitude and Practices Of School Children and Teachers Of Khammam towards Oral Hygiene
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4021
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge,attitude and practices of school children and school teachers towards oral hygiene, oral health and also to assess the dentition status in school children in rural and urban areas of Khammam.
Materials and methods: In the present study 700school students of age group 9-15 years and 100 teachers were included.data on oral health KAP from school students and teachers were collected by giving a close ended questionnaire consisting of 24 and 31 pre tested questions respectively.Results: The results of this study show that most of the teachers (98%) said oral health played an important role in general health, whereas only 72.28% of students agreed with this.Most of the teachers (50%) said that brushing regularly, mouth rinsing and regular visit to the dentist will help in preventing dental problems, whereas the majority (28%) of the students answered that brushing regularly prevents dental problems. A maximum number of teachers (93%) said that they knew a clean mouth prevents dental decay, whereas only 73.28% students knew it. A total of 66% of the teachers and 56.85% of students did not know what flossis. A majority of teachers (69%) and 51.42% of students have visited the dentist.Most of the students visited the dentist when they had dental pain.More than 50% of the teachers cleaned their teeth twice daily (62%). Very few (3%) cleaned their teeth after every meal. It was found that 40%of the children brush twice daily.Majority of students used other oral hygiene aids like mouthwash and dental floss. Among children the mean “DMF-T” was 2.68 and the mean ‘D’ was 0.14, the mean ‘M’ was 0.14 and the mean ‘F’ was 0.15.Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of school children were less than satisfactory, whereas among school teachers it was found to be just satisfactory.This clearly shows that there is a need to improve the knowledge of school children in particular and school teachers in general. This can be achieved by conducting regular oral health education camps in all the schools and also a large number of community based oral health camps.text/html2013-02-25T13:57:58+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pratap V KompalliDentist-Patient Relationship, Patient Perceptions Towards Dentist and Dental Practice In Khammam.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4029
Introduction: The dentist-patient relationship is the heart of successful dentistry.The natnre of dentist patient interaction is most likely the major determinant of satis faction by patients.Objective: To determine the criteria considered by patients while selecting dentists.To assess the perception of patients towards dentists.To explore the patients current views of dentist, dentist behavior and dental practice.Methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted in khammam. 150 dental patients of different dental clinics in khammam were randomly surveyed. Each one of the patients was given a questionnaire from to complete it and they were collected back and data is analysed by the Statistical package of social sciences.Results: 78.67% are satisfied with their dentists, 91.33% are confident about the quality of the treatment provided by their dentists. 85.33% rated the environment of the clinic as good; 91.33% are confident about the quality of treatment provided at the clinic;50.67% reported that clinics are using latest equipments of dentistry.98.97% reported that their dentist explains about the treatment procedure before he/she performs.61.33% reported that very expensive treatment costs bothers them most.Conclusion: patients are overwhelmingly satisfied with their dentist. They value their caring attributes, friendliness,competence and professionalism.text/html2013-03-07T07:54:02+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Keshav K GautamPeripheral Ossifying Fibroma- A Rare Manifestation in Mandibular Posterior Region
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4101
Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is an occasional growth of the anterior region of mandible and accounts for 3.1% of all oral tumors and 9.6% of the gingival lesions. About 60% of these tumors occur in maxilla and more than 50% of all cases of maxillary POF are found in the incisors and canine areas. A male of 45 years of age had growth arising in the mandibular right posterior region. In this age group and in mandibular posterior quadrant, POF is very occasional and has not so far been reported in the literature.text/html2013-03-18T06:38:14+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Keshav K GautamA Case of Incisiform Supernumerary Tooth Along With a Impacted Supplemental Tooth In Anterior Maxillary Region
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4147
Supernumerary tooth is one of the developmental problems in children. They can be found all over the oral cavity but most commonly in the central incisor region. It usually results in oral problems such as malocclusion, food impaction, poor aesthetics, and cyst formation. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth within the mandible and maxilla varies from 0.2-0.9%. This is a case report of a 14- year-old boy presented to the faculty of dental sciences with incisiform supernumerary tooth and a supplemental tooth in the maxillary arch, facing speech problem Extraction of the two tooth were planned to correct the malocclusion and improve the speechtext/html2013-05-08T10:34:35+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Gentian VyshkaNocturnal Bruxism: Still a Nosological Conundrum?
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4234
Sleep bruxism is a frequent and bothersome, albeit benign condition. Diagnosed initially from dentistry specialists, it has become gradually a neurological enigma, since several neurotransmitters and situations not related to dental malocclusion might cause teeth grinding and atypical facial pain. We have studied three cases with surface EMG, performed in the morning hours, thus registering electrical activity bilaterally and simultaneously in ipsilateral masseters and temporal muscles. A clear dissociation in electrical activity at rest was seen, with higher values of spontaneous discharges in the masseter muscles (up to 35%), confronting with a normal activity in the temporal muscles. Such a finding favours the dystonic hypothesis of bruxism, and will therefore justify usage of ad hoc drugs, such as botulinum toxin, among others.text/html2013-08-23T10:52:55+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Mahmoud Y TahaAntibacterial Effects of Diode Laser and Chlorhixidine gluconate on Streptococcus mutans in Coronal Cavity
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4179
Background : The principal objective of caries removal is to eliminate the infected and necrotic tissues and microorganisms that may cause a persistent inflammation and treatment failure. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activities of diode laser), commercially available chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and the prepared one as a cavity disinfectant. Methodology: 70 extracted sound human premolar teeth used. Crown of teeth was cut horizontally to obtain flat dentinal surfaces. One cylindrical cavity (2 mm in diameter, 1 mm in depth) prepared on the flat surface. Samples were divided into 7 groups, each consisted of 10 prepared teeth. The first twenty samples disinfected with (commercially available) Chlorhexidine (2% and 0.2%), the second twenty samples (prepared) chlorhexidine gluconate (2% and 0.2%), and the last twenty diode laser (1w and 1.30 w). Dentin chips from the cavity walls collected immediately after treatment and put into sterile tubes containing 0.5mm of sterile normal saline. A 200µm from this saline was dispensed over Petri-dish contain Mitis-Salivarios agar. Results: The results showed that the CHX solution, CHX powder and diode laser have a significant difference from the control group. Highest antibacterial effect on S. mutans achieved by CHX solution (2%) followed by CHX solution (0.2%). In the second order group, CHX powder (2%) followed by CHX powder (0.2%) showed comparably higher mean values of bacterial colonies than the first two groups mentioned above, and there is a difference between them but not significant. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of CHX (solution, powder) at all concentrations (2% and 0.2%) and diode laser at all powers (1w and 1.30w) in the infected coronal cavities with S. mutans was significantly different from untreated control group.
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text/html2013-12-09T04:58:24+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Farhan DurraniAesthetic Closure of Anterior Spaces in Mature Dentition
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4457
The presence of diastema in the anterior esthetic zone may be displeasing to a person”smile and many patients are motivated to improve their appearance either by orthodontic treatment or restoratively by veneers, crowns or composite resin bonding.
Composite bonding between teeth fills spaces and improves the appearance of diastemas. As part of a comprehensive esthetic treatment and part of an overall dental treatment plan, the result of diastema closure must produce a beautiful smile and fulfill the goals of overall smile design.
Increased patient demand for esthetic rehabilitation with less invasive procedures has led to extensive use of composite bonding in the anterior region. This resin bonding is conservative and relatively inexpensive means of enhancing one “s smile and often carried out in a single visit in most dental practices.
In selecting composite resin materials certain features are essential
1. Scultability;Material should be easy to shape and sculpt with minimal slumping.
2. Fracture Toughness: Resistance to fracture in stress bearing areas.
3. Modulus of Elasticity: Similar modulus of elasticity to natural tooth substances.
4 .Polish ability; Easy to attain polish and maintain gloss for long time.
5. Shrinkage; Minimal polymerization shrinkage to reduce microleakage and stress at restorative/tooth interface.
IPS Empress Direct by Ivoclar Vivadent, microhybrid composite resin was chosen as restorative material for this case. Use of this resin not only provides strength needed in these situations but also good polish ability and luster needed for aesthetics.
The Bis- GMA resin contains fillers consisting of barium almunium boron fluoride, silica glass and highly dispersed silicon dioxide.
To achieve a natural life like restorations, the clinician needs to establish a chromatic colour map and layer the restoration with successive layers of enamel, dentine and translucent effect s so that the final restoration has good optical properties that reflect ,refract and absorb light naturally.
This gives the restoration a polychromatic effect with depth of color that looks like natural teeth.text/html2013-12-13T06:28:27+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Francesca MuggianoEvaluation of the most frequent dental dyscromia and clinical protocol for Home Bleaching Technique
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4460
Dental Whitening is the term used to concern dental procedures order to change the color of teeth. Whitening aesthetic procedures are very useful to resolve dental chromatic aberrations caused by systemic diseases, pathological conditions of the oral cavity, traumatic events, use of different drugs or medicaments, assimilation of chemicals and particular foods .Usually, all whitening procedures are performed in the dental office by dentists or dental hygienists. However not outpatient whitening procedures do exist, those are initiated in the dental office and completed, at home, by the patient.This technique is called Home Bleaching: it includes the realization of two individual transparent vacuum formed templates where a whitening agent is applied inside. The templates are applied in contact with vestibular and incisal tooth surface and are kept for a period of time based on the severity of discoloration and on the concentration of the bleaching agent used for the treatment.text/html2014-02-06T10:15:53+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Jemish AcharyaDental Caries Status And Oral Health Needs among Disabled Children Living In Care Centers In Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4539
Various attempts are being made to better the situation of dental caries in Nepal, nevertheless, the problem of caries among differently abled children still seems to have reached a still. The general objective of this study is to identify the dental caries status by prevalence and severity (DMFT), knowledge and attitude in oral health practices and the oral health needs among differently abled children aged 12-15 age group living in care centers in Kathmandu, Nepal. It is a cross sectional study with 120 respondents. Data was collected using constructed questionnaire and analyzed using percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Chi square using level of significance at 0.05 and Mann-Whitney test. There was significant association between the type of disability and DMFT scores of the children. The dental caries prevalence in the study population was 98.3% and the mean DMFT of the children was 4.80±3.01.56.90% in case of physically disabled children and 34.50% of children showed "high" severity of dental caries .95% of the children needed treatment, the decayed component being the highest area of treatment need. The means of knowledge, attitude and practice were 5.57±1.72, 19.95±4.95 and 5.10±1.99 respectively. There was significant difference of means of DMFT by the type of disability of children. Sensory disabled children had higher mean (2.48±0.65) than physically disabled children(2.06±0.79).Based on the analysis it was seen mandatory that special attention be given to disabled children to improve the dental caries status and their knowledge, attitude and practice .It is also suggested that along with encouraging oral health education programs, it was necessary that their treatment needs be fulfilled.text/html2014-02-12T09:48:48+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Gadde PraveenAssociation Between Chronic Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factor C-Reactive Protein in Blood
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4554
Background: Periodontal disease is one of the major reasons for tooth loss. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic infections, such as periodontitis, are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) possibly through providing a systemic inflammation and found that 25 to 50% increase in risk of CVD for those with periodontitis when compared to those with no or minimal periodontitis.
Aim: To evaluate the association between chronic periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk factors like C - reactive protein levels in blood.
Materials and methods: A hospital based study was conducted among the patients who came to the out-patient department. Fifty Subjects including both males and females were selected by systematic random method and community periodontal index was recorded on all subjects. Subjects were divided in to healthy group (controls) and chronic periodontitis group (cases) based on present/absent of loss of attachment. Blood samples were collected from all subjects for the measurement of CRP levels in the serum.
Results: Mean CRP values in controls and cases were 0.812 and 2.35 respectively which was statistically increased in cases (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis patients may have high risk of getting cardiovascular diseases since cardiovascular risk factor such as increased levels of CRP are associated with Periodontitis.text/html2014-09-18T03:23:39+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Khurshid Mattoo\"Converting a removable prosthetic option into fixed by using custom made non rigid connector\"
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4695
Statement of the problem
Many partially edentulous situations are present whereby the choice between a removable and a fixed partial denture lies within the delicate balance of a single standing abutment. This abutment is called as a pier abutment. If and when a fixed fixed prosthesis is given in such a case, the retainer over the pier abutment acts as a fulcrum and invariably leads to cement failure of the weak retainer.
Purpose
To design, prosthesis that is fixed in nature, but provides small movements within the retainer over the pier abutment so that two separate units distribute the stresses independently.
Materials and Methods
A clinical case whose mandibular arch presents a Kennedy’s class III situation with modification one. The two edentulous areas being separated by a pier abutment.
Results
The prosthesis has been functional since more than three years and the clinical and radiographic condition of all the abutments including the pier abutment suggests a successful fixed movable prosthesis.
Conclusion
A fixed movable prosthesis design involving a semi precision non rigid connector can be used in clinical situations where two edentulous areas are separated by a single abutment.text/html2014-09-19T03:46:04+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Khurshid Mattoo\"An incumbent clinical approach to determine outline form for functionally generated amalgam stops in complete denture prosthesis\"
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4698
Artificial resin teeth for complete denture prosthesis have been modified in different ways to prevent their wear. Inserting silver amalgam has been one of the common and most inexpensive methods used. Much attention has been laid on the properties of the material rather than the biologic aspects of determining the outline form for such preparations. This article in the form of a clinical case report has attempted to enumerate the factors that determine the outline form for such preparations. Detailed clinical and laboratory procedure have also been mentioned. In addition, an unusual fact about patient’s previous information and knowledge has also been discussed. text/html2014-09-29T06:37:21+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Khurshid Mattoo\"Designing a fixed partial denture without a pontic\"- Case report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4705
Clinical challenges for prosthetic rehabilitation though many, but rarely one encounters a situation where designing prosthesis is a challenge. One such situation is restoration of a hemisected mandibular molar that not only poses periodontal but also prosthetic tests to a clinician. Designing prosthesis for such situation requires knowledge of crown contours, crown contacts, angulation of the teeth, soft tissue contours and embrasures in their dynamic form. This article presents a case report of a hemisected mandibular that was restored with a fixed partial denture but without a pontic. Significant areas of concern are also discussed.text/html2014-09-29T06:26:25+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Khurshid MattooInnovating the art of final impression making in restricted oral opening through the use of a sectional impression technique\"
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4707
Making sectional impressions in completely edentulous tasks is an innovation that many prosthodontist learn with experience when such challenges are met in clinical practice. Sectioning a tray into two halves and then reassembling it in the mouth before making a final impression may sound difficult but only if guiding mechanism of one half of the tray to the other is not present. Many guiding mechanisms have been used which at times are not available. This article in the form of a clinical case report presents a clinical case where a sectional impression was made and the guiding mechanism used in this tray is simple, inexpensive and easily available even in case of an emergency. This technique allows a clinician to be prepared for such challenges at any time.
Keywords: oral submucous fibrosis, complete denture, prosthodontics, white lesions.text/html2014-09-30T06:06:40+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Khurshid Mattoo\"Simplifying designing of a cast partial denture in Kennedy class 1 partial edentulous situation to enhance its self-cleansing ability\"
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4708
Removable partial dentures in the form of a cast partial denture are becoming extinct as a treatment option for patients who cannot receive a fixed prosthesis. In most of the cases where a fixed prosthesis is not indicated, they are still the treatment of choice especially in medically compromised patients. However, most of the patients are reluctant to wear because of the maintenance associated with them. Making a complex designed cast partial denture does not solve the problem but rather complicates it. A cast partial denture design should be kept simple. When kept simple, the prosthesis in itself becomes self-cleanable. This article describes a simple design for Kennedy class I partial edentulous situation that would keep the prosthesis self-cleansing.text/html2014-10-15T08:15:51+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Claudio Luis Melo-SilvaAnalysis of the bonding interface in human dentin of two adhesive systems with and without the use of chlorhexdine in the cementation of ceramic restorations
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4716
The degradation of the adhesive interface of indirect ceramic and dentin restorations results from the interaction of several factors, including an enzyme called metalloproteinase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interface of ceramic-dentin bonding by varying the use of chlorhexidine and of the conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. The dentin surface was divided into four areas: mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, and distolingual, forming four groups (n=4): G1 (MB) SB + SCL; G2 (DB) SB + CCL; G3 (ML) EO + SCL; G4 (DL) EO + CCL. Two mesiodistal cuts were made, thus, exposing the dentin interface-adhesive systems. The results showed that the use of chlorhexidine in the G2 formed a thicker hybrid layer, and in the G4 it acted to close the interface. It was concluded that the quality of the bonding interface of indirect ceramic restorations is related to the type of adhesive system used.text/html2014-10-27T12:08:14+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Arvind ReddyKnowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in emergency management of dental trauma: A cross sectional study
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4735
Background:School is one of the locations with greatest prevalence of traumatic dental injuries. School teachers form the group who commonly supervise the physical activities of school children. So, awareness about emergency management of dental trauma among primary school teachers is an important concept for long term maintenance of oral health.
Objectives: (a) To assess knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in emergency management of dental trauma and (b), to impart knowledge regarding the emergency management of dental trauma among primary school teachers in Vikarabad town.
Methods: A total of 150 primary school teachers from 31 randomly selected primary schools in Vikarabad town were interviewed using a questionnaire regarding management of dental trauma. The completed proforma was collected and the results were statistically analyzed to know the knowledge and attitudes regarding emergency management of dental trauma.
Results: 37.3% of primary school teachers reported that tooth fracture was the most common dental emergency among school children and 58.6% of them had never experience the management of dental trauma. 32% of teachers were cleaning the avulsed teeth with the tap water and 24% of them were unaware of management of avulsed teeth. Majority of primary school teachers were eager to have knowledge regarding dental trauma through continuous dental education programs and workshops
Conclusion: The research clearly implicates that the primary school teachers in Vikarabad town had little and poor knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma. text/html2014-11-03T09:53:36+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Shanthi KanakamedalaDental Students attitude towards tobacco cessation in and around the dental colleges of Hyderabad - A cross sectional survey
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4730
BACKGROUND: Tobacco use has a devastating effect on the health and well being of the people and dentists play an important role in helping patients to quit tobacco. AIM: To assess the dental students’ attitudes towards tobacco cessation in various dental colleges in and around Hyderabad. OBJECTIVES: 1)To evaluate dental graduates attitudes towards tobacco cessation activities and their effectiveness in pursuing tobacco cessation activities. 2) Perception of factors that interfere as barriers in tobacco cessation. 3) Willingness to participate in tobacco cessation programmes. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was done on 239 interns in six dental colleges. A 20 item questionnaire was employed to assess the dental students’ attitude, effectiveness, perceived barriers and willingness to participate in tobacco cessation. Data were entered using descriptive analysis RESULTS: 96% of the dental students showed positive attitude towards their responsibility to educate patients about risks of tobacco use; 81% of the dental students agreed that tobacco cessation counseling in dental office could impact patient’s quitting. CONCLUSION: Attitudes of the dental students appeared to be positive regarding the dental professional’s responsibility in tobacco cessation counseling.text/html2015-04-03T10:10:52+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Sergio E CuryPrevalence of Condylar Sclerosis in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4743
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of morphological changes of the condyle (Sclerosis) in patients with Temporomandibular Disorder.We have developed a retrospective epidemiological study using medical records of 1000 clinical data forms, with their respective exams (working models in type III dental stone plaster and planigraphy of TMJ) from patients who sought care at the Department of Diagnostic and Advice to Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder at the Dentistry School of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in Minas Gerais, Brazil (TMJ Service) between 2003 and 2009. We included female patients aged between 6 to 74 years old with an average of 34.4 years old. Three variables were analyzed with logistic regression model: posterior tooth loss, morphological changes and age. Data were organized, and then analyzed by Wilcoxon and binomial statistical tests. A comparison was made between the data in the study and those obtained from a literature review. The results showed no relationship between tooth loss and posterior condylar morphological changes (p> 0.05). There was a positive correlation between tooth loss and age variables (p < 0.05), i.e., Exp (B) = 1.105. The results of this study demonstrated that the posterior tooth loss and aging are not the main factors for the development of degenerative joint changes in female subjects.text/html2015-09-10T10:33:33+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Hari Haran RamakrishnanUnderstanding Problems and Failures in TSFDP
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4934
Fixed prosthodontic treatment in the form of teeth supported fixed dental prosthesis (TSFDP) is hugely a popular treatment in many countries. The treatment usually helps in restoration of missing natural tooth or teeth by way of crown preparation of potential existing natural teeth called abutments which shall be covered by retainers and the pontic shall replace the missing dentition. Numerous biological,mechanical, technical and esthetic factors should always be considered before concluding on the treatment plan. Proper treatment planning shall consist of selection of abutment teeth, their periodontal status, number of abutments, angulation, relative parallelism, mode of preparation of abutments, selection of pontic, design, nature of residual ridge, choice of restorative material, shade selection, choice of luting agent. Unless due attention is given to the factors mentioned above , the failure in a fixed prosthesis is always a possibility. This article describes the various failure modes of FDP ( fixed dental prosthesis) in an orderly manner and possible reasons for the same.text/html2016-06-29T10:52:08+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Lopamudra DoddiEndodontic Management by Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Vista scan of Maxillary Second Molar with Parastyle - A Case report
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5134
Lopamudra1, ShekarK1, RaviChandra2, MohammedKhwajaMoinuddin2, KarthikPrasad3, ShantiPriya3, Smitha4
Thorough knowledge of the root canal anatomy and its complexities is essential to provide successful root canal treatment. Variations in tooth form and anatomy may be found in the form of anomalous cusps or additional roots. In permanent molars, changes in the tooth morphology may occur either in the form of an additional tooth (paramolar) or supernumerary cusp (paramolar tubercle). The knowledge of the internal anatomy of the paramolar tubercles is very important as they influence the treatment outcome. This case report investigates the anatomical and morphological characteristics of a case with well-developed lobulated cusp occurring on the buccal surface of maxillary left second molar with the aid of CBCT and Vistascan.text/html2016-07-18T13:29:32+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Pradeep KoppoluManagement of Ankyloglossia with Laser and Scalpel
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5164
Tongue is the vital oral structure in the oral cavity that is responsible for speech articulation, deglutition and positioningof teeth. Ankyloglossia or tongue tie is the result of unusually short, tight, lingual frenum causing difficulty in breast feeding among neonates, malocclusion and gingival recession. This article reports two cases of ankyloglossia which was treated one case surgically and other case with diode laser , with uneventful healing and excellent patient satisfaction.text/html2016-07-21T09:27:04+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Mohammed Khwaja MoinuddinPolymerase chain reaction in exploring endodontic infections
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5168
Traditionally cultivation, microscopic and immunological based techniques were only the means by which endodontic microbiota were studied. Because of their several limitations in microbiological diagnosis, newer molecular genetic methods were introduced. Polymerase chain reaction -PCR is a widely spread advance in clinical diagnostic technology and known to be cornerstone in genome sequencing projects. Fortunately, PCR has been the focus of a great deal of research in recent years with the goal of exploring microbiota. Here we review the priciples of PCR techniques, PCR derivatives and applications of Real-Time PCR in dental sciences.Data sources: Studies published in the medical, dental and biological literature.Conclusion: PCR has enabled the detection of bacterial strains which are phenotypically divergent or convergent in behaviour. PCR demonstrated a great range of diversity in endodontic microbiota.text/html2016-12-21T16:06:02+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Deepak GuptaDo We Owe Our Life Expectancy To Dental Care (or To Dentistry)? Certainly-To Some Extent
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5245
Even in the 21st century, the United States (U.S.) health care law continues to endorse dental insurance coverage only as an option for adults and children, despite making health insurance coverage almost mandatory with provisions for penalty (fee) on the non-compliant. Our perspective’s write-up wants to make the case why it may be the time for the U.S. health care lawmakers to seek inspirations from Japan, wherein the Japanese focus on the dental care might have contributed to why Japan consistently leads the world in regards to human life expectancy. Healthy natural dentition is directly related to the sustenance of healthier and longer lives, and this impact on human longevity may NOT have been highlighted often in the health promotion strategies for the dental care. It is never too late to initiate the dental health promotion campaignswhich can highlight the importance of maintaining better tooth numbers as well as food mastication power (with natural teeth and/or well-fitted dental replacements) for our constant pursuit to live longer and healthier despite the constantly evolving dynamic milieu of our co-morbidities. In the end, although most of the times we do NOT realize, the undeniable contributions of dental care on our ever-increasing life-expectancy (and corresponding life-span) as a species, cannot be overlooked. At least, Japan as the world leader in human life-expectancy, is showing the way for other countries to follow. text/html2017-01-04T05:24:13+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Prof. Alessandro L CavalcantiEvaluation of Different Adhesive Systems on Dentin Bond Strength
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5249
The objective of this paper was to compare the in vitro effect of a conventional and three self-etching adhesive systems as regards bond strength to human dentin substrate by means of the microtensile test. A total of eight sound third molars were used. The teeth had their roots embedded in acrylic resin and underwent removal of the occusal enamel and abrasion of dentin surface. Then, specimens were divided as two teeth into each group according to the adhesive system to be assessed: G1: Adper Single Bond 2 (3M/ESPE), G2: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), G3: Adper SE Plus (3M/ESPE), and G4: Adper Easy One SE (3M/ESPE). The tooth bottom was sectioned perpendicularly to its long axis so we had “stick-like” specimens to be subsequently subjected to the microtensile test. Data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and multiple comparison of Tukey, with a significance level of 5%. The bond strength means were: G1: 36.54 (±13.57), G2: 37.46 (±19.04), G3: 26.07 (±9.77) and G4: 19.66 (±7.09), with statistical significant differences between groups (p< 0.05). The adhesive systems Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond showed in vitro similar behavior, and performance higher than that of Adper SE Plus and Adper Easy One.text/html2019-06-27T12:03:41+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Rajbhushan DandeFactors considered by patients for selection of a dental hospital and consumer\'s choice of dentist in Hyderabad city- A cross sectional study.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5574
Introduction: A successful oral health care service system is required for providing quality service and it is important to put efforts into improving the quality of dental services delivered.Therefore it is necessary to explore the factors considered by patients for selection of a dental hospital and patient’s choice of a dentist to plan a successful oral health care service system.Aim: To determine the factors considered by patients for selection of a dental hospital and dentist. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending dental clinics situated in Hyderabad city. Cluster sampling technique was followed to collect data from different zones of Hyderabad city. A 25 item pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 20.0. Categorical variables were assessed using Chi-square test (p< 0.05) Results: A total of 402 patients participated in the study. Majority of the patients considered factors like distance from home to clinic (88.4%) and a recommendation made by relatives, friends about clinic (86.3%), only 31% of patients considered the online review in selection of a dental clinic. Dentist’s degree (80%), fame of the dentist (82%), clinic atmosphere (76.6%), dentist’s explanation of procedures to patients (87.5%), charges of dentist i.e. either expensive or reasonable (79.2%) are the factors considered by majority of the patients in choosing a dentist. Conclusion: Most of the patients relied on word of mouth while selecting a clinic. Dentist’s behavior and communication skills were important factors for selection of a dentist.text/html2020-09-02T23:53:07+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Khurshid MattooArtless solution to resolve the problem of retention in resorbed alveolar ridge cases
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/5629
Rarely maxillary completely edentulous ridges resorb to the extent where they pose a challenge to a prosthodontist. However, whenever they resorb, they definitely alter patient compliance towards dentaltreatment. For any completely edentulous patient, retention is as important as the prosthesis itself. Onthe contrary, for a prosthodontist, retention means a chance for his patient to adapt. Without retention,every prosthodontist knows that the patient will not wear the prosthesis. More so, retention is a big factorfor maxillary completely edentulous arch as the gravity works against it. This article describes a simplecommon sense resolution to any situation that demands the prosthesis or even an appliance to belight weight. Reduction in weight of the prosthesis enhanced retention in this case.