Case Report
 

By Dr. Alessandra Impellizzeri , Dr. Gaspare Palaia , Prof. Umberto Romeo , Prof. Gabriella Galluccio
Corresponding Author Dr. Alessandra Impellizzeri
Odontostomatologic Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", - Italy
Submitting Author Dr. Alessandra Impellizzeri
Other Authors Dr. Gaspare Palaia
Odontostomatologic Science, University of Rome La Sapienza, - Italy

Prof. Umberto Romeo
Odontostomatologic Science, University of Rome La Sapienza, - Italy

Prof. Gabriella Galluccio
Odontostomatologic Science, University of Rome La Sapienza, - Italy

ORTHODONTICS

Inflammatory reactive Hyperplasia, dental malposition, orthodontic therapy, laser CO2

Impellizzeri A, Palaia G, Romeo U, Galluccio G. Inflammatory Reactive Hyperplasia of Upper Lip due to Abnormal Tooth Position: A Case Report. WebmedCentral ORTHODONTICS 2013;4(12):WMC004473
doi: 10.9754/journal.wmc.2013.004473

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
No
Submitted on: 24 Dec 2013 04:26:23 PM GMT
Published on: 25 Dec 2013 05:45:08 AM GMT

Abstract


Introduction: Aim of this study is to describe case of inflammatory reactive hyperplasia of upper lip treated by Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser.

Case Report: 12 young male patient come to our observation since sessile lesion, corresponding to malposed tooth on internal aspect of upper lip. After accurate clinical examination, surgical excision with CO2 laser was performed. Control at 7, 30 and 90 days showed complete healing of lesion and histological diagnosis was Inflammatory reactive hyperplasia.

Discussion: Inflammatory reactive hyperplasia is common lesion by traumatic origin of oral mucosa. When clinician provide to elimination of traumatic stimulus and to excision of the lesion, it’s possible to obtainer restitution integrum of oral mucosa. If it removed only one of these factors, there may be recidivate lesion.

Conclusion: The CO2 laser demonstrated surgical effectiveness and caused little peripheral damage to the cut edges, therefore would always allow a safe histological diagnosis to be obtained. This kind of oral biopsy on the use of CO2 laser ensures the compliance of patience, the absence of bleeding and suture.

Introduction


Inflammatory Reactive lesions are tumor-like hyperplasia that are produced in association with chronic local irritation or trauma (1) . These proliferations are painless pedunculated or sessile masses in different colors, from light pink to red (2) . The surface appearance is variable from non-ulcerated smooth to ulcerated mass. These lesions are more localized in oral soft tissue, though in literature are reported cases of localization on hard tissue. The dimensions of these lesions varies from a few millimeters to several centimeters (1) . The histology components are represents by fibrous tissues, multinucleated giant cells, calcified material, or small vessels hyperplasia. For the study, was used a CO2 laser (Smart US20D®, DEKA - Florence, Italy) with a wavelength of 10,600nm via an articulated arm; the dimension of the laser pointer can be either 0,2mm or 0,4mm; the field of action of the articulated arm covers a radius of approximately 80cm, the transfer efficiency of power is greater than 85%.

Case Report(s)


A male patient of 12 years old, came to the observation of the UOC of Orthognatodontics, then he was referred to the UOC of Oral Pathology. At the clinical examination, it observed a presence of a lesion of the upper lip. The lesion located at the internal aspect of the upper lip at right side. This lesion was 1,5 centimeters of diameter, with sessile base, pink in colour, soft in consistency, regular surface; it is related to malposition of  lateral incisor (figure 1).

According to recommendations of the Orthodontist, it was decided to remove the lesion with excisional biopsy laser (figures 2,3). It was utilized a CO2 superpulsed laser, wavelength of 10600nm. After topical anesthesia with EMLA cream and perilesional anesthesia without adrenaline, lesion was immobilized thought Ellis clamp and finally the lesion was excised by a Carbon Dioxide laser set 3 watt in continuous wave at frequency of 50 Hz, making a circular incision around the lesion. Control at 7 days showed an optimum healing of the surgical wound. The post operative period lacked of negative events (figures 4,5). Control at 30 days showed a recurrent lesion due to persistent presence of malposed tooth creating a chronic trauma on the upper lip (figures 6,7). In fact, it was not possible to move the malposed tooth in a so short period of time (30 days) with orthodontic appliance. A new surgical intervention was scheduled after 7 days. Control at 90 days showed the complete healing of the surgical wound (figure 8). The histological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed the clinical diagnosis of  inflammatory reactive hyperplasia. This lesion, histologically represent chronic inflammation, granulation tissue and proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts (3).

Discussion


Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have an increased risk of oral problems such as plaque formation, white lesions, gingivitis, various kind lesions of oral mucosa (4). In this study, we treat a singular case report, on a dental malposition that caused very important traumatic injury of upper lip oral mucosa, that  has been removed by CO2 laser. Most common injuries of oral mucosa (5,6) that can be encountered in course of orthodontic treatment include: traumatic injuries of various kinds (7,8), aphthous (9), frictional hyperkeratosis (10,11), gingival hypertrophy (12-13) . The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, thanks to its affinity to water-based tissues, has become one of the favourite instruments for oral surgeons for the treatment of pathologic lesions of the oral mucosa (14-15-16) . Three months after the recurrence, an optimal  tissue healing was obtained, due to the conjunction with orthodontic treatment. The lesion did not relapse.

Conclusion


This case report shows inflammatory reactive  hyperplasia of upper lip mucosa caused by malposition of  tooth no. 1.1. Recognition of these clinical situation is done by orthodontist and determines more rapid therapeutic choices and solutions of condition which have high compliance for the patients. The CO2 laser demonstrate surgical effectiveness and cause little peripheral damage which always allows safe histological diagnosis. The large diffusion of this device induced also a deep analysis about the positive outcomes of surgical procedures performed by CO2 laser; different comparisons, are reported in literature, about the healing of mucosal tissue after the use of the scalpel or of other common instrument vs. this device (17)  .

In favor of the latter, it was reported that it enhances collagen formation and better deep capillary proliferation, so promoting beneficial effects in the wound healing with minimal scarring and, an effective control of intra and post-operatory bleeding guaranteed by the intra-operative cauterization of the superficial vessels; its antiseptic characteristic also facilitates protection from infective processes in the surgical area, that are positive for the postoperative course too. Under the conditions analyzed in this study it is possible to affirm that the use of CO2 laser optimize operating times permitting to create lower stress for the patient; it reduces also inflammatory reactions, pain and post-operation edema, as stated by many Authors, thus increasing the overall compliance of patients.

References


1. Noushin Jalayer Naderi, Nosratollah Eshghyar, Hora Esfehanian. Reactive lesions of the oral cavity: A retrospective study on 2068 cases Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012 May-Jun; 9(3): 251–255.
2. Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Oral pathology: Clinical pathologic correlations. 5th ed. China: Saunders; 2008. pp. 156–60
3. Shadman N, Ebrahimi SF, Jafari S, Eslami M. Peripheral giant cell granuloma: a review of 123 cases. Dent res j (isfahan) 2009;6:47–50.
4. Yip HH, Wong RW, Hägg U. Complications of orthodontic treatment: are soft drinks a risk factor? World J Orthod. 2009 Spring;10(1):33-40.
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9. Ujevi A, Lugovi?-Mihi? L, Situm M et al. Aphthous ulcers as a multifactorial problem. Acta Clin Croat. 2013 Jun;52(2):213-21.
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11. Woo SB, Lin D. Morsicatio mucosae oris: a chronic oral frictional keratosis, not a leukoplakia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Jan;67(1):140-6.
12. Bellamine M, Ousehal L, Kissa J. Orthodontic treatment and gingival hyperplasia: a case report. Odontostomatol Trop. 2012 Jun;35(138):31-41.
13. Bernard F, Faucher B, Bonavita P et al. Gingival hypertrophy. Rev Med Interne. 2012 Jul;33(7):407-8. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
14. Bornstein M.M, Winzap-Kalin C, Cochran D.L. et al. The CO2 laser for excisional biopsies of oral lesions: a case series study. Int J Perio Rest Dent 2005, 25: 221-229.
15. Yagüe-Garcia J. Espana-Tost A.J. Berini-Aytés L. et al. Treatment of oral mucocele- scalpel versus CO2 laser. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009; Sep 1;14 (9):e469-74.
16. Huang I.Y, Chen C.M., Kao Y.H. et al. Treatment of mucocele of the lower lip with carbon dioxide laser. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007; 65:855-8.
17. Liboon, J, Funkhouser W, Terris D.J. A comparison of mucosal incision made by scalpel, CO2 laser, electrocautery, and constant voltage electrocautery. Otolaryng. Head Neck Surg. 1997; 116, 379–385.

Source(s) of Funding


None

Competing Interests


None

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser should add somewhere in title
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