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http://www.webmedcentral.com/images/Header_Logo.giftext/html2011-07-02T13:55:02+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Saleena U VelladathErythrocyte Glutathione-S-Transferase Activity in Diabetics and its Association with HBA1c
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/2004
The generation of reactive oxygen species is increased in both types of diabetes and is closely associated with oxidative stress. Erythrocytes are equipped with a highly effective anti-oxidant defence system. Oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin leads to the release of hemin into the RBC membrane and the released hemin is capable of oxidizing membrane proteins via a thiyl radical intermediate. GST can bind free hemin that is released during Hb oxidation presumably reducing damage to RBC membrane. We hypothesized that as oxidative stress and hyperglycemia are major etiologic and pathologic factors of diabetes mellitus, then the antioxidant enzyme, Glutathione – S – Transferase (GST) in red blood cells, are likely to have a role in the glycation of Hb in diabetic patients. Hence we designed this study to evaluate the activity of red cell Glutathione-S-Transferase and correlate its association with HbA1c. This is a cross – sectional study, conducted in subjects attending Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. All patients who were advised to do a blood test for glycated haemoglobin were included in this study. Hemolysed blood samples were excluded. Erythrocyte GST activity was determined using the method of Habig et al and glycated Hb (HbA1c) was estimated using the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA) for hemolyzed whole blood by Roche Cobas Integra 400 auto analyzer. 68 patients who were confirmed to have type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in diabetic group whereas rest 32 patients without diabetes were included in non-diabetic group. The data were analysed using Mann Whitney U test and Pearson correlation coefficient test by SPSS (v. 14.0) software. From this study we could found out that there is no significant difference in erythrocyte GST activity between diabetics and non-diabetics (p value = 0.08). However a positive correlation between erythrocyte GST activity and HbA1c concentration was observed in diabetic patients (r = 0.239, p = 0.089 ). The chronicity of the disease along with treatment modalities might have played a significant role in the outcome of our study as the subjects included in diabetic group were selected without considering their glycemic control status.text/html2011-11-22T06:51:49+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Simmi KharbImplications for Cardiovascular Diseases by Gender Differences in Lipoprotein and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/670
Hypothyroid adults have a high risk of atherosclerosis secondary to increased levels of various cholesterol fractions, particularly, low density lipoproteins cholesterol. The present study was planned to estimate lipoprotein and thyroid hormones and compare the gender-based differences in these parameters. The study was conducted in 100 healthy volunteers in the age group 18-25 years (50 males and 50 females). Lipid profile (Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLD-C and Triglycerides) and thyroid function tests, Apolipoproteins (Apo) A -1 and B were estimated in these subjects. Total cholesterol, T.G, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels were higher in healthy adult females in comparison with healthy adult males but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Levels of Apo A-1,Apo-B and atherogenic index(A.I.) were higher in young healthy males as compared to females in our study. Apo-B values were significantly higher in males in comparison to females (p3values were significantly higher in male controls as compared to their female counterparts (p4levels were also higher in healthy males in comparison to females, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05), In contrast, TSH levels were higher in female controls (p>0.05). Finding of gender-differences in their metabolism indicate that pattern of cardiovascular and atherogenesis is different in both sexes and there is possible difference and in utero programming of atherosclerosis in both the sexes.text/html2013-04-01T06:09:44+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. K K KshitizEffects of Smoking on Serum Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activity
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4169
Smoking is a established cardiovascular disease risk factor. But the mechanism how it causes cardiovascular risk is still not properly understood. This study was aimed to evaluate effects of smoking on lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity ,a key factor in the esterification of plasma cholesterol and reverse cholesterol transport. 30 male cigarette smokers and 30 male non-smokers were enrolled. Serum LCAT activity was determined as a function of the decrease of free cholesterol which is esterified during incubation at 37, as described by Hitz et al (15). Serum LCAT activity was lower in smokers, but the difference was statistically non significant. So we got the idea that LCAT activity tended to be lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers and this adverse effect may lead to serious metabolic diseases like atherosclerosis.text/html2014-09-25T05:13:59+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Senthil KumaranA study on Awareness and knowledge about external quality assurance among clinical Biochemistry laboratory technicians in a tertiary care hospital
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4702
The clinical laboratory technicians should acquire basic knowledge on analysis and interpretations in external quality assurance for improving the quality of reports. The present study is designed to assess the knowledge and interpretation skills on external quality assurance programme laboratory technicians. The training programme was conducted to 10 clinical biochemistry laboratory technicians. The study involves pre test on external quality assurance by standard questionnaires, followed by lecture sessions on external quality assurance. A post test was conducted following the lecture and the pre/post test performance was analyzed. The results shows there was a significant (p< 0.001) increases in the score of the marks among the technicians in post test (13.6±1.2) compared to pre test (5.9±1.7). The present study reflects the suboptimol knowledge on external quality assurance among technicians and recommends enriching the laboratory knowledge for technicians to enhance quality of reports.text/html2014-12-04T12:52:40+01:00http://www.webmedcentral.com/Dr. Saleena U VelladathAcute kidney injury in post cardiac surgery - An evaluation with eGFR (Estimated glomerular filtration rate) and akin Criteria
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4768
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the major complications of cardiac surgery affecting 17% to 45% of the cardiac surgical patients. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prevention and management of AKI in post cardiac surgery is still a matter of concern due to the lack of early markers. This study was designed as a single centered retrospective cohort study aimed to find out the proportion of the kidney injury in patients who underwent cardiac surgery and to evaluate the efficiency of eGFR and AKIN criteria for the early prediction of AKI. The retrospective data of consecutive patients (January 2008 to November 2013), were collected and analyzed. Diagnosis of kidney injury was confirmed by a serum creatinine level > 1.4mg/dL. Out of 301 patients (aged between 18 to 75 years) studied 26.5% were diagnosed with AKI. AKIN criteria identified 31.3% with AKI and based on eGFR it was 29.2%. Our findings suggest that, both AKIN and eGFR estimations may be useful for earlier detection of AKI than serum creatinine. The high incidence of AKI associated with cardiac surgery should prompt the inclusion of these parameters in the prediction of kidney damage to identify patients at increased risk for the timely management and patient care.